1. The Wheel: Invented around 3500 BCE, the wheel revolutionized transportation and paved the way for the development of various technologies, including the chariot and the water wheel.

2. Writing: The invention of writing systems, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics, allowed humans to record and communicate information, leading to the development of complex societies and the preservation of knowledge.

3. The Plow: The plow, invented around 4000 BCE, greatly increased agricultural productivity, allowing for the growth of larger, more stable populations.

4. The Arch: The ancient Romans developed the arch, a key architectural innovation that allowed for the construction of large, sturdy buildings and bridges.

5. Paper: Invented in China around 105 BCE, paper revolutionized communication and record-keeping, paving the way for the spread of literacy and the development of complex bureaucracies.

6. The Calendar: The development of accurate calendars allowed ancient civilizations to plan agricultural activities and religious observances, contributing to the stability and growth of their societies.

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7. The Compass: Invented during the Han Dynasty in China, the compass revolutionized navigation, enabling explorers and traders to travel long distances with greater accuracy.

8. The Windmill: Invented in Persia around the 7th century CE, the windmill harnessed the power of the wind for grinding grain and pumping water, contributing to increased agricultural productivity.

9. The Printing Press: Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, the printing press revolutionized the spread of information and knowledge, paving the way for the Renaissance and the modern world.

10. The Astrolabe: Invented by the ancient Greeks, the astrolabe was a sophisticated instrument used for navigation and astronomical observations, contributing to the development of astronomy and navigational science.

These are just a few examples of the many inventions that have shaped the course of human history. Each of these inventions represents a significant milestone in the development of human civilization and has had a lasting impact on the world we live in today.