The Legacy of the Sumerians in the Middle Ages

Introduction:

Introduce the Sumerian civilization and its significance in ancient history. Explain the purpose of the essay, which is to explore the influence of Sumerian civilization on the Middle Ages.

Historical Context of Sumerians:

Provide a brief overview of the Sumerian civilization, including its timeline, geographical location, and key achievements such as the development of writing (cuneiform), the first known legal code (Code of Ur-Nammu), and advancements in agriculture and city planning.

The Fall of Sumer and its Aftermath:

Discuss the fall of the Sumerian civilization and how its knowledge and cultural elements were absorbed by subsequent cultures like the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians.

Transmission of Knowledge:

Explore how Sumerian knowledge, particularly in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and law, was transmitted through these cultures and eventually reached the Islamic Golden Age, which in turn had a significant impact on the European Middle Ages.

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Sumerian Legacy in the Middle Ages:

1. Mathematics: Discuss the influence of Sumerian mathematical concepts on the Middle Ages, particularly through the Islamic world.
2. Astronomy: Describe how Sumerian astronomical observations and the division of time influenced medieval European scholars.
3. Law and Governance: Examine the impact of the Sumerian legal code on the development of legal systems in the Middle Ages.
4. Language and Literature: Discuss the indirect influence of Sumerian literature and language on medieval European literature, especially through the transmission of stories and myths.
5. Religion and Mythology: Explore the possible influence of Sumerian religious concepts and mythology on the Middle Ages, noting any parallels or similarities.

Conclusion:

Summarize the key points discussed in the essay and the importance of understanding the legacy of the Sumerians in the context of the Middle Ages. Emphasize the continuous thread of human knowledge and the interconnectedness of civilizations throughout history.

Bibliography:

List the sources you used for your research, following a standard citation format.